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Timeline of Geography and Paleontology

  • 25 – Pomponius Mela formalizes the climatic zone system
  • 1569 – Gerardus Mercator issues the first Mercator projection map
  • 1620 – Francis Bacon analyzes the scientific method in his Great
    Instauration of Learning
  • 1686 – Edmund Halley presents a systematic study of the trade winds and
    monsoons and identifies solar heating as the cause of atmospheric
    motions
  • 1686 – Edmund Halley establishes the relationship between barometric
    pressure and height above sea level
  • 1716 – Edmund Halley suggests that aurorae are caused by “magnetic
    effluvia” moving along the Earth’s magnetic field lines
  • 1822 – Gideon Mantell discovers the fossilized skeleton of an iguanodon
    dinosaur
  • 1869 – Joseph Lockyer starts the scientific journal Nature
  • 1909 – Discovery of the Burgess Shale Cambrian fossil site
  • 1920 – Andrew Douglass proposes dendrochronology dating
  • 1920 – Milutin Milankovich proposes that long term climatic cycles may
    be due to changes in the eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit and changes
    in the Earth’s obliquity
  • 1947 – Willard Libby introduces carbon-14 dating
  • 1949 – Edward Murphy states his law
  • 1974 – Donald Johanson and Tom Gray discover a 3.5 million-year-old
    female hominid fossil that is 40% complete and name it “Lucy”
  • 1980 – Luis Alvarez, Walter Alvarez, Frank Asaro, and Helen Michel
    propose that a giant comet or asteroid may have struck the Earth
    approximately 65 million years ago thereby causing massive extinctions
    and enriching the iridium in the K-T layer
  • 1984 – Hou Xianguang discovers the Chengjiang Cambrian fossil site
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