- 25 – Pomponius Mela formalizes the climatic zone system
- 1569 – Gerardus Mercator issues the first Mercator projection map
- 1620 – Francis Bacon analyzes the scientific method in his Great
Instauration of Learning - 1686 – Edmund Halley presents a systematic study of the trade winds and
monsoons and identifies solar heating as the cause of atmospheric
motions - 1686 – Edmund Halley establishes the relationship between barometric
pressure and height above sea level - 1716 – Edmund Halley suggests that aurorae are caused by “magnetic
effluvia” moving along the Earth’s magnetic field lines - 1822 – Gideon Mantell discovers the fossilized skeleton of an iguanodon
dinosaur - 1869 – Joseph Lockyer starts the scientific journal Nature
- 1909 – Discovery of the Burgess Shale Cambrian fossil site
- 1920 – Andrew Douglass proposes dendrochronology dating
- 1920 – Milutin Milankovich proposes that long term climatic cycles may
be due to changes in the eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit and changes
in the Earth’s obliquity - 1947 – Willard Libby introduces carbon-14 dating
- 1949 – Edward Murphy states his law
- 1974 – Donald Johanson and Tom Gray discover a 3.5 million-year-old
female hominid fossil that is 40% complete and name it “Lucy” - 1980 – Luis Alvarez, Walter Alvarez, Frank Asaro, and Helen Michel
propose that a giant comet or asteroid may have struck the Earth
approximately 65 million years ago thereby causing massive extinctions
and enriching the iridium in the K-T layer - 1984 – Hou Xianguang discovers the Chengjiang Cambrian fossil site
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