- 260 BC – Archimedes mathematically works out the principle of the lever
and discovers the principle of buoyancy - 60 – Hero of Alexandria writes Metrica, Mechanics, and Pneumatics
- 1490 – Leonardo da Vinci describes capillary action
- 1581 – Galileo Galilei notices the timekeeping property of the pendulum
- 1589 – Galileo Galilei uses balls rolling on inclined planes to show
that different weights fall with the same acceleration - 1638 – Galileo Galilei publishes Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences
- 1658 – Christian Huygens experimentally discovers that balls placed
anywhere in side an inverted cycloid reach the lowest point of the
cycloid in the same time and thereby experimentally shows that the
cycloid is the isochrone - 1668 – John Wallis suggests the law of conservation of momentum
- 1687 – Isaac Newton publishes his Principia Mathematica
- 1690 – James Bernoulli shows that the cycloid is the solution to the
isochrone problem - 1691 – Johann Bernoulli shows that a chain freely suspended from two
points will form a catenary - 1691 – James Bernoulli shows that the catenary curve has the lowest
center of gravity that any chain hung from two fixed points can have - 1696 – Johann Bernoulli shows that the cycloid is the solution to the
brachistochrone problem - 1714 – Brook Taylor derives the fundamental frequency of a stretched
vibrating string in terms of its tension and mass per unit length by
solving an ordinary differential equation - 1733 – Daniel Bernoulli derives the fundamental frequency and harmonics
of a hanging chain by solving an ordinary differential equation - 1734 – Daniel Bernoulli solves the ordinary differental equation for
the vibrations of an elastic bar clamped at one end - 1738 – Daniel Bernoulli examines fluid flow in Hydrodynamica
- 1739 – Leonhard Euler solves the ordinary differential equation for a
forced harmonic oscillator and notices the resonance phenomenon - 1742 – Colin Maclaurin discovers his uniformly rotating
self-gravitating spheroids - 1747 – Maupertuis applies minimum principles to mechanics
- 1759 – Leonhard Euler solves the partial differential equation for the
vibration of a rectangular drum - 1764 – Leonhard Euler examines the partial differential equation for
the vibration of a circular drum and finds one of the Bessel function
solutions - 1788 – Joseph Louis Lagrange presents Lagrange’s equations of motion in
MŽcanique Analytique - 1789 – Antoine Lavoisier states the law of conservation of mass
- 1821 – William Hamilton begins his analysis of Hamilton’s
characteristic function - 1834 – Carl Jacobi discovers his uniformly rotating self-gravitating
ellipsoids - 1834 – John Russell observes a nondecaying solitary water wave
(soliton) in the Union Canal near Edinburgh and uses a water tank to
study the dependence of solitary water wave velocities on wave
amplitude and water depth - 1835 – William Hamilton states Hamilton’s canonical equations of motion
- 1835 – Gaspard Coriolis examines motion on a spinning surface deduces
the Coriolis effect - 1842 – Christian Doppler examines the Doppler shift of sound
- 1847 – Hermann von Helmholtz formally states the law of conservation of
energy - 1851 – LŽon Foucault shows the Earth’s rotation with a huge pendulum
(Foucault’s pendulum) - 1902 – James Jeans finds the length scale required for gravitational
perturbations to grow in a static nearly homogeneous medium
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