A potentially deadly virus called “sloth fever,” formally known as the Oropouche virus, has made its way into the United States, prompting warnings from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This virus, primarily reported in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean, is spread by the bite of infected midges and mosquitoes, making it a public health concern as cases rise.
Key points
What is the Oropouche Virus?
Oropouche virus, colloquially referred to as “sloth fever,” was first identified in Trinidad and Tobago in 1955. Its name derives from its association with pale-throated sloths, which act as a natural reservoir, along with non-human primates and birds. However, despite its nickname, the virus is not spread through direct contact with sloths but by insect bites.
How is the Virus Spreading?
The virus is typically confined to the Amazon basin, but recent outbreaks suggest it is expanding its geographic range. In Florida, there have been 20 reported travel-related cases, with nine occurring last week alone. Between January and August of this year, over 8,000 confirmed cases have been recorded, a steep rise from the 832 cases seen in 2023. Two deaths in Brazil and five cases involving fetal death or birth defects have also been reported.
Symptoms and Risks
Approximately 60% of those infected will experience flu-like symptoms, including fever, nausea, dizziness, light sensitivity, headaches, joint pain, and rashes. In severe cases, symptoms can escalate to abdominal pain, hemorrhagic symptoms, and even meningitis, which can cause inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Though rare, death is possible when severe symptoms manifest.
The virus typically causes symptoms that last less than a week, but the CDC warns that these symptoms may recur days or even weeks later. Pregnant individuals face additional risks, including the possibility of transmission to the fetus, which has led to concerns about fetal complications, such as birth defects or stillbirth.
Prevention and CDC Recommendations
There is currently no specific treatment for Oropouche virus. Prevention centers on avoiding bites from infected insects. The CDC recommends using insect repellent and ensuring windows and doors are properly screened to keep midges and mosquitoes out. Pregnant individuals are advised to avoid nonessential travel to areas with active transmission, including Cuba and Brazil.
As Oropouche virus continues to spread beyond its usual borders, public health officials are monitoring the situation closely, urging vigilance and proactive measures to prevent further outbreaks.
